Alexander the Great - Paper free essay sample

He ended up dying of an unknown disease on June 10th 323 BC (Gale). That marked the end of the powerful empire he built. After his death the empire got divided up into parts and ruled by many different leaders (Smith). Alexander’s early life was not like the ordinary child of his time. He was born into royalty and a lot was to be expected from him. Most notably Olympias could not wait to see the day her son is king of Macedonia (Borza). However, Phillip II did know the future for his son Alexander. When Alexander was a young boy he showed many extraordinary skills, one of which was taming a horse that no one could seem to control. Alexander’s amazing skills, his father’s mentorship, and being tutored by the great philosopher Aristotle, all led to his greatness. This success started at the young age of fourteen when he became a Macedonian warrior (Borza). We will write a custom essay sample on Alexander the Great Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Alexander Maria Dentici learned many valuable things from his father and eventually was rewarded by becoming a Macedonian warrior. Alexander showed impressive skills on the battlefield; this looked to be the beginning of a powerful dynasty between father and son. This success that looked to be so bright for Alexander began to come into question once Phillip II married another woman (Smith). This was no ordinary women it was Cleopatra,   a woman born from an elite Macedonian family. This meant that her son would take Alexander’s place as king if he were old enough to rule when Phillip II died. This new son made Olympias very uneasy. She knew if Phillip II did not die soon Alexander would not become king. In the summer of 336 BC Philip II was killed, and Alexander was named the new king of Macedonia (Alexander). This was the start of something great to come. Within six months of being king Alexander leads the Macedonia to regain control of Greece. Not only was controlling Greece important but Alexander showed his men he had the ability to control the army like his father had done before him. After regaining Greece nothing seemed to be enough for Alexander, he wanted to rule all of Persia (Alexander). Alexander’s ambition was second to none, and this showed in his first battle against the Persian army at Granicus. In this battle, like many others, he lead his army from the front (Smith). This gave his men great confidence in him and showed Maria Dentici how fearless he was as a leader. With a combination of these two things he lead them to victory over the Persian army at Granicus. Although Alexander’s ambition was unmatched, there were still a lot of important qualities only he possessed. His war tactics were very unique and he was very good at reacting to whatever the opposing army was trying to do. He also had his men in tight formations with long spears that killed the opposition before they could reach them (Smith). These tactics played a key part in his quest to rule all of Persia. In 333 B. C. Alexander takes his next step to rule all of Persia in the Battle of Issus (Gale). In this battle he is greatly out numbered, so it is up to him to show how great of a general he is. Alexander takes full advantage of his cavalry, he out smarts Darius and begins to take control of the battle. He directly attacks the center of the Persians were Darius is and forces him to retreat. This was an outstanding win for Alexander, he further builds the reputation as being the greatest general to this day. Following this battle, Alexander’s army captured Darius’ family. Alexander does not call for them to be killed. Instead, he treats them as if they are royalty. He already defeated the most powerful army in the world, lead by Darius. Not killing the Darius’ family shows the way he is makes a statement to the world that he will rule all of Persia (Smith). Alexander is trying to backup his statement by beating Darius one final time and Maria Dentici putting an end to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. In 331 BC Alexander put an end to the Achaemenid Persian Empire following the Battle of Gaugamela (Borza). He once again lead the Macedonians over the Persian army. Alexander had to rely on his tactics and skills of his men to overcome the Persians who were much greater in size. They managed to weaken the Persians center just as before and left king Darius no other choice but to retreat. This was the end of his empire. He was soon after found by a Macedonian severely hurt. There was no way to save him, he soon after died along with his empire (Smith). In 327 BC Alexander takes Roxana to be his first wife (Gale). This is very important not only for political reason but as well for his own relationships. Alexander was known to be intimate with his friend Hephaestion. Alexander’s sexuality is still not certain, but although he did have many wives, he always had a strong intimate relationship with Hephaestion who was his best friend 9 (Smith). After gaining full control of the Persian empire Alexander can not resist the need to control more. He begins his quest for the rest of India, this constant need for more may the downfall of his empire (Smith). The most notable battle Alexander fought when attempting to further invade India was the battle of Hydaspes. This battle was very unique by the methods King Porus used to attack (Smith). Unlike the pervious battles the Macedonians they were against elephants instead of horses. Alexander managed to overcome the challenge but it was a very costly battle to win (Gale). Soon after Alexander’s army lost the will to continue fighting and he returned to Babylon. In 323 Maria Dentici BC Alexander was in Babylon, he got very ill and died from the common cold (Borza). He was only thirty-two at the time and his empire was flourishing. I believe Alexander’s life can teach and inspire our generation oday. Alexander was young when he set out many goals for himself and each day he worked towards them knowing failing wasn’t an option. He never doubted himself even when it had seemed as if he nay never become king. Due to Phillips young death Alexander was forced to become king at a very young age but he never showed fear. I believe this is how we as a society should respond to tasks th at we may not feel ready for. He thought us that your legacy can be as great as you desire as long as you are willing to put in the work. Also, Alexander showed respect to all that he came across. Respect for others is something that our generation has slightly lost sight of and it is up to us to recognize this and reestablish it into our society. Alexander has died but has left a legacy second to none. This man dominated anything he wanted his hands on for a twelve year period, he was the finest military general to ever live. The things he did in thirty-two years could not be done by most kings in two lifetimes. Alexander started off with great expectations from his mother Olympias and did nothing but overachieve. His vision, determination, self confidence, war tactics, and leadership skills are what makes him Alexander the Great.

Harley Davidson.

Harley Davidson. Case Study: Harley-Davidson, Inc.IntroductionHistoryThe Harley-Davidson case presents a unique example of a unique company that, due to their remarkable customer loyalty, was able to go from nearly bankrupt to successfully gaining a substantial portion of the market in a niche product.The company was able to gain market share and profit by substantially restructuring their business plan. Harley-Davidson changed from a traditional large batch manufacturing philosophy to just-in-time strategy. They began involving employees in problem solving and they redeveloped and focused their marketing strategy to a smaller niche market.In 1903, William Harley-Davidson, Arthur Davidson, Williams Davidson, and Walter Davidson started Harley-Davidson in a 10x15 shed in their backyard in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Production started with three motorcycles in 1903 and increased to 8 in 1908. In 1969, AMF Incorporated acquired Harley-Davidson Motor Company and expanded capacity from 15,000 to 40,000 motorcy cles.Harley-Davidson, Incorporated was formed in 1981, when it was purchased from AMF Incorporated in a management buyout.The 1490cc HD engine. Rubber mounted.In 1986, Harley-Davidson, Incorporated became a publicly held company.The new management installed a just-in-time inventory system to reduce inventories and improve total quality. With a new quality focus Harley-Davidson began to invest heavily in research and development. In one year the new Harley-Davidson management reduced the break-even point by 18,000 motorcycles. Management's focus on efficiency in production and improvements in quality resulted in increased demand and a production capacity of 100,000 motorcycles in 1995.Harley-Davidson operates in two segments. Motorcycles and Related Products, and transportation and vehicles segment. Total net sales for the first nine months of 95 were $1.3 billion, an increase of $174.1 million from the first nine months of 1994. Net sales increased in both the Motorcycles segment an d the Transportation Vehicles segment. 1Demand for motorcycles is continuing to increase at a rate faster...

Aircraft maintenance planning procedures Research Paper

Aircraft maintenance planning procedures - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the definition of the technical log as an aircraft document detailing the maintenance status of the aircraft. The document must always be carried whenever the aircraft takes to flight. The document carries information regarding the maintenance performed on the aircraft. Aircraft safety regulations, across the globe, dictate that procedural maintenance should be performed on aircraft within specified periods of time. The operation of undertaking procedural maintenance varies with the classification of aircraft. Upon completion of the maintenance procedure, a record should be kept regarding the activity performed. This record forms the aircraft’s technical log. The record ought to contain all maintenance activities performed on the aircraft. The importance of maintaining this record remains to create a reference point for further maintenance procedures. Through referring to the technical log, an aviation engineer could identify the maintenance proce dures performed on the aircraft. The technical log could essentially assist the maintenance team in assessing and defining the time when an aircraft might require routine maintenance. The information assists operators to predict the usability of an aircraft based on the last known maintenance procedure performed on the aircraft. Â  The certification of technical logs remains the duty of aviation authorities within different countries. These authorities fall under airworthiness authorities recognised internationally. Airworthiness authorities remain the sole certifiers of the information contained in aircrafts’ technical logs. b) How is data recorded, kept where? The data is recorded using automated systems installed within the aircraft. After carrying out maintenance procedures, the engineers undertaking the activities record all function performed on the aircraft. This information remains stored in the technical log. The information recorded indicates the operation undertaken and any new components installed within the aircraft. c) Maintenance schedule: who creates it?, who approves it?, types on maintenance check, flight hours and cycles, work pack, job cards maintenance records. A maintenance schedule could be defined as a timetable for carrying out routine maintenance procedures on aircrafts. Airline operators create the maintenance schedule programmes for their commercial and civil aircrafts, and then present them to the airworthiness authorities for approval (Raoul Castro, p121). Aircraft maintenance checks could be defined as periodic inspections performed on all commercial and civil aircrafts following specified periods of usage. Military aircrafts, however, contain different maintenance programmes specifically designed for special military capabilities. In aircraft maintenance, four types of checks exist namely; check A to D. Checks A and B are light checks while the other two are heavy checks. These checks occur periodically through specified timings. Flight hours could be marked by the number of hours that an aircraft remains in flight. Calculation occurs between the time of taking-off and that of landing. An aircraft cycle could be defined as the taking-off and landing of an aircraft. Each take-off and landing comprises a single cycle (Speciale, p156). Work pack could be defined as a combination of activities to be undertaken by an individual. It forms the basis for supervising a person’s work delivery. A job card, on the other hand, could be defined as a printed card showing details of the duty performed by a person. They clearly define the duties performed by each individual. The documentation detailing the

Two questions related to Public Budget and Finance Essay

Two questions related to Public Budget and Finance - Essay Example Public budgeting is targeted towards the wellness of citizens. A little wrong prioritization, misallocation of resources, and financial negligence in this process can pose certain challenges for the government regarding implementation of public wellness programs and other public policies. Public budgeting holds a critical place in decision making processes because it is directly associated with the well-being of citizens. It is one of the main responsibilities of any government to allocate resources among competing public sector needs in such a way that none of the sectors faces shortage of funds in any particular stage. Public budgeting includes analysis of the needs of all public sectors and allocation of financial resources in accordance with the analysis report. It is obvious that if one program is overfunded, some other public service program will definitely bear the costs. It is the job the government to decide which sector should be given more space in the public budget and wh ich sector should be at stake. Given the nature of the public budgeting process, governments usually encounter difficulty in making decisions regarding starting of new programs and eliminating existing programs. They have to decide on these issue based on financial analysis of the current economic position of the country. In America, it is the responsibility of executives, legislators, as well as judiciary to maintain a check and balance on the public budgeting process. In the Federal government system, the congress enacts the budgets, whereas the president is held responsible for providing the guidelines for the preparation and submission of the budget. Public budgeting provides government officials the information about current financial position of the economy by detailing the capital in hand, as well as predicted future expenditures related to current and ongoing business processes. Proper financial analysis also helps governments cut off the extra costs and utilize the availabl e capital for other public service activities. Governments need to plan business and public wellness activities according to their financial budgets. If a government does not pay attention towards managing financial activities, problems can occur which may delay the planned activities (Lynch, 1991). Therefore, from public budgeting perspective, it is imperative to develop a perfect budget plan that should help the government in achieving the desired goals and objectives while maintaining the financial equilibrium. Having discussed the public budgeting system in detail, let us also talk about information, justification, and examination that play an important role in the development of a public budget. Budgeting is primarily based on information. Budgeting systems are all about gathering reliable and accurate information of both technical and political nature and using that information in making resource allocation decisions. Justification refers to process of deciding whether a publi c service program should be funded or not based on proper justifications. Examination, on the other hand, is all about analyzing the way organization’s resources have been used in the past and developing a course of action for future programs. Answer No. 2 Budget Process As Morgan (2006) states, â€Å"the success of a business depends on the capital budgeting decisions taken by the management† (p. 1). Budgets are prepared to set and accomplish organizational goals and objectives. These budgets help the organizations in preparing a

An Observation Report Of A Tutor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Observation Report Of A Tutor - Essay Example   Reading the class participation notes allowed the teacher to get a better understanding of how much was understood by each student in the lesson and if all the students were listening to the lecture portion of the class. This became an interesting portion of our English as a Second Language class.   Reading the class participation notes allowed the teacher to get a better understanding of how much was understood by each student in the lesson and if all the students were listening to the lecture portion of the class. This became an interesting portion of our English as a Second Language class because the teacher allowed each student to tell his or her own story.  Ã‚  The teaching techniques that the teacher used made the class very enjoyable since it encouraged the students to talk about what makes our individual experiences different and how our cultures vary from one another. The teacher made sure to coax the students into listening to one another by encouraging the students to make comments and statements about one another are shared stories.  Ã‚  I noticed that the teacher paid particular attention to the way the classroom goals and objectives were achieved in the class. Ensuring that each student gave the proper amount of time and attention to the rudimentary English communication skills.  The teacher always found the time to work one on one with the students to improve their basic skills such as grammar listening, writing, reading, and phonetics.

Women Are Poorer Than Men

Women Are Poorer Than Men In recent years, focus has been on discovering if poverty is gendered, that is to say to what extent women may be more at threat of poverty than men. In this essay I shall be discussing how women are affected by poverty and what factors lead to women being poorer than men. Peter Townsend et al (1987) have argued that there has been a feminisation of poverty, this term may be understood in various ways, it may refer to the increased risk of poverty or the increased visibility of womens poverty it may also refer to the reconstruction of poverty from a womans viewpoint. It is difficult to compare the poverty of men and women because statistics are usually based on households and this suggests that household incomes are shared evenly between adult members. Glendinning and Millar (1987 maintain that men get a larger share in most cases and this may echo their higher earning ability and the fact that in many households men still make the decisions of how money is spent. It has been shown that women are more likely to be poorer than men, although their poverty has often been masked behind studies that focused on male-headed households Ruspini (2000). Townsend acknowledges four groups which make up the majority of the female poor, these consist of women who take care of children and other dependents they are unpaid and are unable to take up employment. There are also lone women with children who dip in and out of employment. Then there are elderly women like pensioners who live alone. There are also women with low earnings where the incomes of others in the household do not contribute towards the total household income to enable the womens income to go over the poverty line. Women unquestionably tend to experience more poverty than men because their labour both unpaid and paid is undervalued, in addition women have always experienced work in a different way from men. A private and public split has always existed where women were seen as belonging in the private sphere of hearth and home and the ideologically constructed family, whereas men were seen as belonging in the public sphere of the market and the state. In terms of work, three main reasons for why womens poverty continues have been identified, the first is because a third of all women of working age still remain outside the labour market almost twice the proportion for men, they do not have equal access to the core of the labour market and they are disproportionately represented within part-time and lower paid jobs and on average women are paid less than men. The New Labour government has aimed to maximize labour force involvement by supporting (the idea of work-life balance) and trying to make it easier for people to merge paid work and family life. In-work benefits and tax credits were introduced as incentives however the working families tax credit has been more beneficial to women earners than those whose main income comes through male partners since it is more likely to be paid through the pay packet. The development of a National Childcare Strategy was also introduced but it does not measure up to the levels of childcare provi sion to be found in most other European countries. The second reason involves the responsibility women have for most of the tasks associated with social reproduction in the way of unpaid care work and domestic labour. The third reason is the sharing of income and resources within families, in the majority of cases this does not benefit women. Individuals can be poor in households with adequate incomes. This finding has important implications for policy initiatives aimed at the relief of poverty (Pahl 1989; Kempson 1996). Other forms of inequality have persisted within the public sphere, Gillian Pascall (1997) and others have argued that while women now make up a high proportion of the public sector workforce in healthcare, social work and education, they remain under represented in senior and management positions. This is characteristic of the sticky floor where women are concentrated in specific occupations with low pay and status and what they do at work is often similar to what they do at home, although the introduction of the minimum wage in April 1999 has been beneficial to women who are dependent on low paid work but not to other wage groups. Though most health service workers are women, most of the surgeons are men and it is largely men who control health and social services including services that concern women, for instance reproductive healthcare, as well as support for informal carers and the education system. This is typical of the glass ceiling where women are less likely to hold senior positions and when they do hold senior positions they have to work harder and for longer hours in jobs that are classed as mens work. In the 1970s 70 percent of managers were men and today 90 percent of judges are men. Anti discrimination legislation has sought to outlaw all forms of sex discrimination but this has mostly brought about advances for individual women but has not benefited all women although it has improved the practices of most employers as well as raising public awareness. While the education system no longer just prepares girls for domesticity, it is tending to equip them for sub- servient occupations especially in the public sector on the other hand it has also expanded womens options in the labour market. Despite the fact that women have been allowed to vote and participate in the democratic process on the same terms as men since 1928, in 2000 only 20 percent of Westminster Members of Parliament were women and in 2001 only 28 percent of local government councillors were women (EOC 2001). Although there has been a feminisation of the labour market, the increase in womens workforce participation can have disastrous effects on their health because of the double burden they have to shoulder, at home they take care of children and perform domestic tasks which are unpaid as well as doing their paid job. The General Household Survey of 1998 showed that the majority of carers were women who provided more than a hundred hours of care per week which was far more than any paid worker would do. It has been shown that caring is costly in various ways, for one there is loss of earnings and the rate of adults providing care who are in paid employment is low, the effect is even greater for women than men and greatest of all in the case of a mother providing care for a disabled child Arber and Ginn(1995): Baldwin (1985). In addition costs that are associated with disability like house adaptations to accommodate special equipment and higher transport costs. There is also the cost to the carer in terms of the stress and strain (Glendinning and Millar1992; Pahl 2006). Social policy is beginning to acknowledge the contribution of carers, one way was the introduction of the Carers Act 1985 which imposed an obligation on local authorities, however the support that carers receive is still limited. Financial support is also provided by the social security system with benefits like carers allowance and disabled persons tax credit for low paid disabled workers. There are also many ways in which care can be paid for Ungerson (2000); see also Ungerson (2006). The way social security is arranged and its effects on women can be attributed to the architects of the welfare system who were so used to patriarchal assumptions about respective roles of male breadwinners and female homemakers that the National Insurance system for example was founded on the idea that married women would mainly be financially dependent on their husbands and although obvious biased elements have since been removed, the inheritance of the assumptions on which the system was founded remains. Lewis and Piachaud (1992) demonstrated that women have always been poorer than men by showing the proportion of women amongst adults in receipt of poor relief or social assistance was at around 60 percent and was the same at the end of the 20th century. Women are the main recipients of most benefits and rely more on means tested benefits even though it means greater personal scrutiny, rather than contribution based benefits like jobseekers allowance, incapacity benefit and industrial injury benefit because these types of benefit rely on the recipient having been employed, and for women their work patterns are sometimes interrupted when they take time out to raise children and therefore their national insurance contributions are affected. Women are also in some cases hidden claimants because they receive benefits as dependents of male breadwinners, and for this reason, the welfare state may also function directly to make women dependent on men, although housing and social security provision has provided at least some measure of independence to women like those escaping from violent or dysfunctional relationships. Donzelot (1979) has observed that families seem to have extended functions and are subject by the welfare state to greater levels of surveillance and control for example womens performance as mothers and informal carers may be subject to supervision by healthcare and social service professionals. The family has not lost its functions, but it has lost control. It is still the major arena for the care of dependents, but traditional female tasks are now defined and managed outside the family and by men. Pascall (1997: 23). This is seen in the cases of lone parents 90 percent of whom are women who will have social assistance benefits withdrawn if they should cohabit and they can be compelled to cooperate with the making of child support assessments against the father(s) of their child(ren). In terms of work the, mother -as-work policy ignores that child care is also work and lone mothers stand little chance of becoming equal stakeholders because they must be both breadwinners and carers, and the position at present is that lone mothers are likely to be praised for the paid work they do and condemned as welfare dependent for the unpaid work they do and the eradication of the Lone Parent Premium to income support which directly disadvantaged many lone parents most of whom are women. In recent years studies have shown that pensioners are far more likely than the working population to experience ongoing poverty, between 1998 and 2001, 18 percent of pensioners experienced persistent poverty as compared to 7 percent of the working population. Studies have also found that in recent decades older women and those from ethnic minorities are more likely to experience poverty than other pensioners. Findings from these studies led Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown to state in 2002: Our aim is to end pensioner poverty in our country. the introduction of a pension credit in October 2003 which guaranteed a minimum income of half of those people in this age group in the UK attempted to meet this goal but the success of this policy depends on all those entitled to claiming the benefit actually doing so Flaherty et al (2004). The majority of people over state pension age do retire from the labour market, but as longevity has increased the labour markets have tightened and retirement has become in Townsends words a kind of mass redundancy (1991:6). As a group, old peoples vulnerability to poverty is not as great as it was in the post second world war period, but this should not mask the fact that there is now greater inequality between older people than before. Since the number of old people both as a proportion of the total population and in absolute terms has grown this means that pensioner poverty is still a major issue. The employment of older people can be sensitive to changes in the labour market conditions and they may be shut out of jobs when the demand for labour falls. Age concern (see McEwan 1990), argue that older people are frequently subject to discrimination if they choose to re-enter the labour market often on mistaken assumptions about their reliability and adaptability. Additionally when older people do eventually become frail they suffer the same problems associated with disability. The lack of provision of universal pension in this country is out of sync with most industrialised countries, although the introduction of stakeholder pensions for people with no access to private pensions and the introduction of free eye tests has gone some way in helping pensioners at a disadvantage. Feminists tend to view welfare state provision as being important for improving womens lives but it also reinforces female dependency on men and the sexual division of labour. Some strands of feminism stress that women are closer to nature and are naturally more caring and less aggressive and they address the world in a different voice Gilligan (1982). Other strands of feminism discard this view and assert that the gendered nature of society is the exact product of power relations and patriarchy. It is a result of the dominance of men over women and can be rejected. So in conclusion, having assessed and considered all the evidence and studies on gender and poverty, it is clear that although successive governments have through legislation and policies attempted to lessen the poverty of women, the gap between the sexes still exists and women are still very disadvantaged and are poorer than men and a major reason is the structure of the welfare state which contributes to and reinforces the differences.

Double the Dose :: Feminist Feminism Gender Equality Papers

Double the Dose "Youz a hooooo! HO! Youz a hooooo! HO! I said dat youz a ho," screams the rapper Ludacris from my alarm clock radio at six o'clock in the morning. I slam the snooze button and curse myself for joining the army. I have physical training today. I jump out of bed and hurry to get dressed. Then, I run over to the training site and join the rest of my fellow classmates. These individuals are becoming very special friends to me. We run together; we do pushups and sit-ups together; we force each other to go further than the limit allows us; we yell at one another; and we feel pain together. The thing I love most about the army is that they aren't really supposed to classify us by any of our differences. As they say, we are one team fighting for a common goal. Yet, it was not so long ago that the military opposed of this type of mindset. Only recently has there been an initiative to integrate both sexes in the army. However, the step to combine men and women in the military doesn't necessari ly mean that bigot views and generalizations about the female gender are erased. In fact, as much as we would like to believe that we are improving as a society with the amount of laws and restrictions that we have against sexism, in truth, the double standards against women still lurk in the minds of many-unspoken but still heard. After an hour of training, I walk back to my dorm to take a shower and get dressed, but not in my regular school clothes-no way, today's Wednesday, the Battle Dress Uniform Day. I look at myself all the time in the mirror when I get dressed, but whenever it's Wednesday, I don't feel like the beautiful women I am supposed to be. For now, I am a man. No jewelry, hair pulled back, baggy camouflage clothes, and the strange feeling in my heart telling me that I'm being trained to kill. I spend the day walking around campus in my uniform trying to ignore the disgusted or confused looks I get from students. "Is she a dike?" I know many ask themselves because, of course, no 'real' woman would ever join the army. Sometimes I wonder myself if I'm a woman trying to be a man.